legislation in islam methodological and conceptual foundations

Stream: Theoretical and Methodological Foundations

This paper addresses an important challenge for future earth system governance: how to ensure that governance norms that emerge from inter-state negotiations foster equity and sustainability at all levels from the local to the global. I look back on two decades of global climate change governance to clarify how norms can structure access to global public goods and the allocation of responsibili...

Pain in infancy: conceptual and methodological issues.

The concept of pain in infancy was explored. It was suggested that our every day usage of the term pain be applied to infants. Essentially this suggestion is that we infer that an infant has a subjective experience that is unpleasant when there is evidence of tissue damage and the infant responds with signs of distress, such as crying, increased heart rate, facial expression consistent with dis...

Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Media Monitoring

Conceptual and methodological biases in network models.

Many natural and biological phenomena can be depicted as networks. Theoretical and empirical analyses of networks have become prevalent. I discuss theoretical biases involved in the delineation of biological networks. The network perspective is shown to dissolve the distinction between regulatory architecture and regulatory state, consistent with the theoretical impossibility of distinguishing ...

Conceptual and Methodological Problems in Psychoanalysis

care and evacuation. In addition, all of the chapters include material on the handling of mass casualties. This is a most useful and authoritative little book, which brings together current concepts in the care of the many forms of trauma seen in war time. To have access to such a handbook would be of great value to a physician faced with the problems of care of the wounded. It should be requir...

Metaphor and Methodological Foundations of Atonal Theory

The principles of atonal pitch organization are still in large part unknown. The reason why they are unknown is also unknown. The present paper addresses this methodological problem. The paper first examines roles of metaphor in the theory of tonal accentual patterns and examines the way we handle music-theoretical issues with metaphor. Metaphorical expressions are used to classify and designat...